These valves are designed to inject a chemical into a running reactor. When the actuator begins operation, the piston penetrates into the reactor, freeing the injectors and thus opening the circuit. The injectors are sized to suit the desired flow rate or flow velocity. The positioning of the injectors around the piston ensures optimised distribution for the injected fluid. These valves are most often used for injecting "killer" chemicals which cause out-of-control reactions to stop dead. Direct injection into the core of the reaction gives the best effect. The decrusting effect obtained when the piston starts protruding makes injection more reliable.